. construction industry The construction industry is the industry of assembly of construction products and structures manufactured at specialized enterprises. The construction industry is divided into two stages: production of construction materials and products and construction itself. The development of the construction industry depends on the volumes and rates of development of a number of branches of industry, in particular, ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, energy, the industry of building materials, the woodworking industry, etc., which leads to complex inter-industry connections of capital construction.
Works of art are an invaluable asset of mankind, without which it is impossible to imagine world culture. An important place in this acquisition is occupied by architecture, this "stone annals of the world", in which the leading ideas of the past and present, the collective genius of nations, their glory and pride were embodied. Every nation is proud of the cultural achievements of its ancestors, because it sees in them not only its past, but also its present and future. However, there are works of architecture that belong to all of humanity. These are the Acropolis of Athens and the Taj Mahal in Acre, the Sofia of Constantinople and the Church of the Intercession on the Pearl, the Paris Square of Concord and the ensemble of the Moscow Kremlin.
К строительному процессу привлечены проектные, строительные, инжиниринговые фирмы, заказчики объектов, производители и поставщики строительных материалов и оборудования, финансовые учреждения и государственные органы. При этом заметна разнообразие строительных фирм по их размерам и специализации - от мелких кустарных и семейных фирм до гигантов строительной индустрии с миллиардным оборотом. Относительная медлительность оборота капитала в строительстве и связанная с этим необходимость использовать кредиты, особенно при возведении больших домов. Более высокая степень риска по сравнению с другими отраслями. Эти особенности влияют на функционирование строительного рынка в экономически развитых странах, в основу которого положен конкурентоконтрактний подход, в условиях рыночной экономики обеспечивает наибольшую эффективность строительного производства.
4. Constructive solutions The project envisages the planning of the territory with subsequent cutting of fertile soil. The foundations for the external and internal walls are designed as strip monolithic ones, sealed with sand preparation with a thickness of 100 mm. A reinforced concrete belt with a thickness of 150 mm is arranged on the foundation blocks. Horizontal waterproofing of the foundations is performed from two layers of roofing material with waterproof mastic. The outer walls of the basement, which are in contact with the soil, should be coated with hot bitumen in 2 coats. The masonry of the walls is made of hollow effective brick M-125 on mortar M-25. Jumpers - prefabricated reinforced concrete blocks. When performing the work, it is necessary to ensure that the load-bearing bars of the jumpers were locked from the abutment side of the floor elements and staircase landings. Lay the jumpers on the M-50 mortar. Ceilings - designed from prefabricated reinforced concrete panels with voids. All panels are anchored in the masonry of the outer walls and on the middle wall. The insulation of the attic floor is expanded clay. Panels are laid on a layer of M-100 cement mortar. Wooden beam ceiling, beams 160х140 mm.