The transition of construction organizations to full economic accounting (hozraschet) and self-financing requires new forms of organization and management of construction, in which administrative and command methods of leadership actually lose their force. Instead of them, economic factors begin to act: the economic independence of the contracting organization, its profitability, material incentives and incentives for all workers to reduce the construction time and increase its quality, and the like. In order to stimulate work, such forms of its organization as collective and rental contracts, the organization of construction cooperatives, joint-stock companies, concerns, and the like are used.
. construction industry The construction industry is the industry of assembly of construction products and structures manufactured at specialized enterprises. The construction industry is divided into two stages: production of construction materials and products and construction itself. The development of the construction industry depends on the volumes and rates of development of a number of branches of industry, in particular, ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, energy, the industry of building materials, the woodworking industry, etc., which leads to complex inter-industry connections of capital construction.
Одним из показателей развития отрасли является уровень затрат на научно-исследовательские и опытно-конструкторские работы (НИОКР). Согласно данным по этому показателю строительная индустрия намного отстает от других отраслей экономики. Например, в США отношение затрат на НИОКР в области строительства к общему объему строительных работ составляет 0,12%, тогда как отношение всех затрат на НИОКР к ВВП (а его можно рассматривать во всех отраслях экономики) по стране составляет 2,4%. Аналогичное положение наблюдается и в других развитых странах.
7. Technological specialization In addition to sectoral specialization in the types and branches of construction, the construction industry has a well-developed technological specialization in the types and complexes of construction and assembly works. Construction organizations by technological specialization are divided into: general construction and specialized. Public construction organizations that have a certain technological specialization perform the work of the corresponding industry assignment. For example, they carry out the construction of machine-building plants, metallurgical plants, thermal power plants and hydroelectric plants, railways and highways, subways and tunnels, residential buildings, elevators and other agricultural complexes. Specialized construction organizations are divided into separate types and complexes of work performed on construction sites. According to this specialization, earthworks, sanitary engineering, electrical installation, heat engineering, installation of equipment, etc. are distinguished.